The region has a strong tradition of anti-imperialist and revolutionary struggle. Imperialist domination of China was ended by the revolution of 1949. Never a socialist society, Maoist China was a bonapartist state leaning on measures of land reform and state ownership in its early stages, before reverting to an openly capitalist, now imperialist world power. US imperialism was unable to escape defeat either in Korea or Vietnam. The Japanese masses too during the Anro movement used militant tactics to resist militarism and the domination of Japan by US imperialism.